予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長(zhǎng)江，浩浩湯湯，橫無(wú)際涯；朝暉夕陰，氣象萬(wàn)千。此則岳陽(yáng)樓之大觀也。前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會(huì)于此，覽物之情，得無(wú)異乎？ 

 

若夫霪雨霏霏，連月不開(kāi)，陰風(fēng)怒號(hào)，濁浪排空；日星隱耀，山岳潛形；商旅不行，檣傾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼。登斯樓也，則有去國(guó)懷鄉(xiāng)，憂讒畏譏，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣。 

 

至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬(wàn)頃；沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳；岸芷汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長(zhǎng)煙一空，皓月千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，漁歌互答，此樂(lè)何極！登斯樓也，則有心曠神怡，寵辱偕忘，把酒臨風(fēng)，其喜洋洋者矣。 

 

嗟夫！予嘗求古仁人之心，或異二者之為，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居廟堂之高則憂其民；處江湖之遠(yuǎn)則憂其君。是進(jìn)亦憂，退亦憂。然則何時(shí)而樂(lè)耶？其必曰“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)”乎。噫！微斯人，吾誰(shuí)與歸？ 

 

時(shí)六年九月十五日。 

 

譯文 

 

慶歷四年的春天，滕子京被貶為巴陵太守。到了第二年，政事順利，百姓安居樂(lè)業(yè)，各種荒廢了的事業(yè)都興辦起來(lái)了。于是重新修建岳陽(yáng)樓，擴(kuò)增它舊有的規(guī)模，把唐代名家和今人的詩(shī)賦刻在上面。囑托我寫一篇文章來(lái)記述這件事。 

 

我看那巴陵郡的美好景色，全在洞庭一湖。它連接著遠(yuǎn)方的山脈，吞吐著長(zhǎng)江的水流；浩浩蕩蕩，寬廣無(wú)邊；早晴晚陰，氣象萬(wàn)千。這是岳陽(yáng)樓盛大壯觀的景象。前人的記述（已經(jīng)）很詳盡了。然而北面通向巫峽，南面直到瀟湘，被貶的政客和詩(shī)人，大多在這里聚會(huì)，看了自然景物而觸發(fā)的感情，大概會(huì)有不同吧？ 

 

像那陰雨連綿，接連幾個(gè)月不放晴，陰冷的風(fēng)怒吼，渾濁的波浪沖向天空；太陽(yáng)和星辰隱藏起了光輝，山岳也潛伏起了形體；商人和旅客不能前行，桅桿倒下、船槳斷折；傍晚的天色暗了下來(lái)，虎在咆哮猿在悲啼。（這時(shí)）登上這座樓啊，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生被貶離京，懷念家鄉(xiāng)，擔(dān)心誹謗、害怕譏諷的情懷，（會(huì)覺(jué)得）滿眼蕭條景象，感慨到了極點(diǎn)而悲傷。 

 

到了春風(fēng)和煦，陽(yáng)光明媚的時(shí)候，湖面平靜，沒(méi)有驚濤駭浪，上下天色湖光相接，一片碧綠廣闊無(wú)際；沙洲上的白鷗時(shí)而飛翔時(shí)而停歇，美麗的魚兒，游來(lái)游去；岸邊的小草，小洲上的蘭花，香氣濃郁，顏色青翠。有時(shí)大片的煙霧完全消散，皎潔的月光一瀉千里，浮動(dòng)的光閃著的金色，靜靜的月影像沉下的玉璧，漁夫的歌聲一唱一和，這種樂(lè)趣哪有窮盡呢！在這時(shí)登上岳陽(yáng)樓，就有心懷開(kāi)闊，精神愉快；榮耀和屈辱一并忘了，端著酒杯對(duì)著風(fēng)，那心情真是快樂(lè)極了。 

 

唉！我曾經(jīng)探求古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，或許不同于以上兩種心情，是什么原因呢？不因?yàn)橥馕锏暮脡暮妥约旱牡檬Ф蛳不虮?，在朝廷里做高官就為百姓?dān)憂；不在朝廷上做官就為君主擔(dān)憂。這樣看來(lái)是在朝廷做官也擔(dān)憂，不在朝廷做官也擔(dān)憂。既然這樣，那么什么時(shí)候才快樂(lè)呢？那一定要說(shuō)：“在天下人憂愁之前先憂愁，在天下人快樂(lè)之后才快樂(lè)”吧。唉！如果沒(méi)有這種人，我同誰(shuí)一道呢？ 

 

英文翻譯 

 

The Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan 

 

In the spring of the fourth year under the reign of the emperor of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated from his post in the capital to that of magistrate of Baling. A year later, his enlightened administration has made for peace and harmony among the people as well as the revival of numerous formerly neglected matters. Among these was the renovation and expansion of the Yueyang Tower, on whose walls have been inscribed verses by Tang poets and contemporary men of letters. This done, he bid me compose an essay in its commemoration. 

 

As I see, the tower commands a magnificent view of Lake Dongting, the best scenery of Baling. A vast expanse of water, the lake is bordered by distant mountains and fed by the Yangtze River. From dusk to dawn, it presents an ever-changing gallery of spectacles. All this has been described in great detail in literature by ancient people. What has been left out are poets and relegated officials, who have come in large numbers to this tower through the Wu Gorge to the north or the Xiao and Xiang rivers to the south. As they look at the lake, would the tone of the view not produce a corresponding effect on their mood? 

 

Some may come during a spell of rains, which may drag on from month to month, blocking the rays of the sun and stars, and hiding the mountains from sight. Howling gales hurtle frothing waves toward the sky, breaking masts and oars of passenger boats and merchant vessels. When night falls, they hear tigers roar and apes cry. The forlorn sight will move them to grief, aggravating their homesickness, pain of relegation, and fear of slander or ridicule. 

 

Yet others may come in warm spring, and enjoy a crystal clear view of the unruffled lake, which reflects the sky like a gigantic viridescent mirror. They see seagulls fly over the lake one moment and gather in flocks the next, and fishes swimming about; they smell the aroma of verdant angelicas and orchids growing on the bank and sandy beaches. Or they may see a long wisp of cloud stretching across the sky and the bright moon casting her golden rays far and wide onto the shimmering lake, her reflection white and still like a piece of jade lying at the bottom of water, and hear fishermen’s merry antiphonal songs. Standing in the breeze, goblet in hand, they brim over with ecstasy, free of all thoughts about favors or humiliations. 

 

I have tried to study ancient statesmen’s minds, which might differ from those of the above-mentioned people in that they were unaffected by the state of landscape or vicissitude of life. When serving in court they worry about the people; when among the common people they worry about the monarch. If asked ‘when will you be free of all those worries?’, they would surely answer, ‘One should be the first in his country to worry about state affairs, and the last to enjoy oneself.’ Ah, they are the only congenial companions I may wish to have! 

 

The fifteenth of the ninth month, the sixth year of Qingli. 

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