參考消息網月20日報道 美國《科學日報》網站1月13日刊載題為《我們能利用來自黑洞的能量嗎？》的文章，文章介紹了一種提取黑洞能量的新方法。全文摘編如下：1

Reference News Network reported on January 20. The US "Science Daily" website published on January 13 entitled "Can We Use Energy from Black Holes?" "The article introduces a new method of extracting black hole energy. The full text is excerpted as follows:

愛因斯坦的廣義相對論——即將空間、時間和引力相聯(lián)系的理論——有一個引人注目的預測，那就是，旋轉的黑洞有巨大的能量可供利用。

Einstein's general theory of relativity—the theory that relates space, time, and gravity—has a striking prediction that a rotating black hole has a huge amount of energy available.

在過去50年里，科學家們一直嘗試提出釋放這種能量的方法。諾貝爾物理學獎得主羅杰·彭羅斯對分解粒子可以從黑洞中獲取能量作了理論說明。著名物理學家斯蒂芬·霍金提出，黑洞可以通過量子力學排放來釋放能量。天體物理學家羅杰·布蘭福德和羅曼·茲納耶克則提出電磁轉矩是實現(xiàn)能量提取的重要因素。

In the past 50 years, scientists have been trying to come up with ways to release this energy. Roger Penrose, the Nobel Laureate in Physics, gave a theoretical explanation of how energy can be obtained from black holes by decomposing particles. The famous physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes can release energy through quantum mechanical emissions. Astrophysicists Roger Branford and Roman Znayek proposed that electromagnetic torque is an important factor for energy extraction.

現(xiàn)在，在發(fā)表于美國《物理評論D》雜志的一項研究中，哥倫比亞大學物理學家盧卡·科米索和智利阿道弗·伊瓦涅斯大學的費利佩·阿森霍找到了一種新方法，通過打破并重新連接黑洞視界附近的磁場線來從黑洞提取能量，視界中的任何東西，甚至光，都無法逃脫黑洞的引力。

Now, in a study published in the American Journal of Physical Review D, Columbia University physicist Luca Comiso and Felipe Asenjo of Adolfo Ibanez University in Chile found a A new method to extract energy from a black hole by breaking and reconnecting the magnetic field lines near the black hole’s horizon. Nothing in the horizon, even light, can escape the black hole’s gravitational pull.

這項研究的第一作者科米索說：“黑洞通常被帶有磁場的等離子體粒子構成的灼熱的‘湯’所包圍。”

Comiso, the first author of the study, said: "Black holes are usually surrounded by a hot "soup" of plasma particles with a magnetic field."

科米索說：“我們的理論顯示，如果磁力線以正確的方式斷開并重接，它們能使等離子體粒子加速為負能量，而大量的黑洞能量就能被提取。”

 Comiso said: "Our theory shows that if the magnetic field lines are disconnected and reconnected in the correct way, they can accelerate the plasma particles to negative energy, and a large amount of black hole energy can be extracted."

科米索說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以讓天文學家更好地估計黑洞的旋轉，推動黑洞能量的排放，甚至可能提供能源，以滿足某個先進文明的需要。

Comiso said that this discovery allows astronomers to better estimate the rotation of black holes, promote the emission of black hole energy, and may even provide energy to meet the needs of an advanced civilization.

科米索和阿森霍的理論建立在重接磁場會朝兩個方向為等離子體粒子加速的前提上。一個等離子體流會被推向同黑洞旋轉方向相反的方向，另一個等離子體流則沿著黑洞旋轉的方向受到推動，并可能避開黑洞的鉗制，如果黑洞吞噬的等離子體具有負能量，黑洞就會釋放能量。

Comiso and Asenho’s theory is based on the premise that reconnection of the magnetic field will accelerate plasma particles in two directions. One plasma stream will be pushed in the direction opposite to the direction of the black hole's rotation, and the other plasma stream will be pushed along the direction of the black hole's rotation, and may avoid the black hole's clamp. If the black hole swallows the plasma with negative energy, the black hole Will release energy.

科米索說：“這就好比一個人可以通過食用含負卡路里的糖果來減肥。”他解釋說，本質上，黑洞會通過吞下負能量粒子而失去能量。他說：“這聽起來可能很奇怪，但這可能在一個稱為‘能層’的區(qū)域中發(fā)生，那里的時空連續(xù)體旋轉得非常快，以至于所有物體都朝著與黑洞同樣的方向旋轉。”

Comiso said: "It's like a person can lose weight by eating candies with negative calories." He explained that in essence, black holes lose energy by swallowing negative energy particles. He said: "This may sound strange, but it may happen in an area called the'energy horizon', where the space-time continuum rotates so fast that all objects rotate in the same direction as the black hole. ."

在能層內，磁場重接是如此極端，以至于等離子體粒子會加速到接近光速。

In the energy layer, the magnetic reconnection is so extreme that plasma particles will accelerate to close to the speed of light.

阿道弗·伊瓦涅斯大學物理學教授、該研究的作者之一阿森霍解釋說，被捕獲的等離子體流和逃逸的等離子體流之間較高的相對速度，使得有關過程能從黑洞中提取大量能量。

Asenho, a professor of physics at Adolfo Ibanez University and one of the authors of the study, explained that the high relative velocity between the captured plasma stream and the escaped plasma stream allows the process to escape from the black hole. Extract a lot of energy from it.

阿森霍說：“我們計算得出，等離子體能量化過程的效率可以達到150%，遠遠高于地球上任何發(fā)電站的效率。實現(xiàn)100%以上的效率是可能的，因為黑洞會泄漏能量，而能量將無償提供給逃離黑洞的等離子體。”

Asenho said: "We have calculated that the efficiency of the plasma energization process can reach 150%, which is much higher than the efficiency of any power station on the earth. It is possible to achieve an efficiency of more than 100%, because black holes leak energy, and Energy will be provided free of charge to the plasma escaping from the black hole."

科米索和阿森霍設想的能量提取過程可能已經在許多黑洞中運作。這也許就是導致黑洞耀發(fā)的原因。黑洞耀發(fā)就是能從地球上探測到的一陣陣有力的輻射迸發(fā)。

The energy extraction process envisioned by Comiso and Asenjo may already be operating in many black holes. This may be the cause of the black hole flaring. Black hole flares are bursts of powerful radiation that can be detected from the earth.

雖然這聽起來像科幻小說，但從黑洞中獲取能量可能是解決我們未來電力需求的辦法。

Although this sounds like science fiction, getting energy from black holes may be the solution to our future electricity needs.

科米索說：“人類或許有能力在不利用恒星能源的情況下，在黑洞周邊生存下來。這基本上是一個技術問題。從物理學角度看，這沒有障礙。”

Comiso said: "Humans may be able to survive around black holes without using stellar energy. This is basically a technical problem. From a physics point of view, there is no obstacle."

 

From website: http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/