今年3月11日，北京大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院李立明教授團(tuán)隊(duì)的慢性病前瞻性研究正式發(fā)表，該研究涉及50多萬人，包含糖尿病人和無糖尿病人。分析數(shù)據(jù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，健康人群每天喝綠茶，可以有效預(yù)防糖尿病。此外，糖尿病人每天喝綠茶，也可以降低死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

On March 11 this year, a prospective study on chronic diseases by the team of Professor Li Liming of the School of Public Health of Peking University was officially published. The study involved more than 500,000 people, including diabetic and non-diabetic people. After analyzing the data, it is found that healthy people drink green tea every day, which can effectively prevent diabetes. In addition, people with diabetes who drink green tea every day can also reduce the risk of death.

從具體數(shù)據(jù)來看，在健康人群中，每天喝茶的人與不喝茶的人相比，糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低8%。在糖尿病人群中，每天喝茶的人微血管并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降了12%，全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降了10%。

From the specific data, among healthy people, people who drink tea every day have an 8% lower risk of diabetes compared with people who do not drink tea. Among people with diabetes, those who drink tea every day have a 12% reduction in the risk of microvascular complications, and a 10% reduction in the risk of all-cause death.

不過，研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，在每天喝茶的人中，只有喝綠茶的人才有上述獲益。

However, the researchers emphasized that among the people who drink tea every day, only those who drink green tea have the above benefits.

一直以來，說到喝茶的好處都少不了“防癌”二字，那么喝茶到底能不能防癌呢？

For a long time, when it comes to the benefits of drinking tea, the word "anti-cancer" is indispensable. Can drinking tea prevent cancer?

目前，已經(jīng)有大量研究證實(shí)，茶中含有的多酚類物質(zhì)可以預(yù)防癌癥。《Nature Communications》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，從茶葉中分離得到的兒茶素類單體表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯（簡稱EGCG），可能增強(qiáng)天然抗癌基因P53的活性。P53具有促進(jìn)DNA修復(fù)、破壞癌細(xì)胞的功能，超過一半的癌癥會(huì)出現(xiàn)P53突變。

At present, a large number of studies have confirmed that the polyphenols contained in tea can prevent cancer. A study published in "Nature Communications" showed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a catechin monomer isolated from tea, may enhance the activity of the natural anti-cancer gene P53. P53 has the function of promoting DNA repair and destroying cancer cells. More than half of cancers will have P53 mutations.

當(dāng)然，喝茶防癌不是絕對(duì)的，也有研究表明喝茶可能會(huì)致癌。

Of course, drinking tea to prevent cancer is not absolute. Studies have also shown that drinking tea may cause cancer.

2019年，北京大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院李立明教授團(tuán)隊(duì)在《歐洲流行病學(xué)雜志》發(fā)表文章，該研究在50多萬中國人喝茶的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上，分析了喝茶與癌癥之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，喝茶主要與肺癌、胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌、肝癌，以及女性乳腺癌和宮頸癌的發(fā)病率有關(guān)，但這種關(guān)聯(lián)性并非防癌，而是致癌。

In 2019, the team of Professor Li Liming from the School of Public Health of Peking University published an article in the European Journal of Epidemiology. The study analyzed the relationship between tea drinking and cancer based on the data of more than 500,000 Chinese drinking tea. It was found that drinking tea was mainly related to lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer in women, but this correlation was not cancer prevention, but carcinogenesis.

分析結(jié)果顯示，每天使用茶葉4g以上的人，與每周喝茶不足一次的人相比，癌癥的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了26%。其中，肺癌的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了62%，胃癌的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了29%。同時(shí)研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，喝茶致癌可能與喝茶的人往往也吸煙、喝酒密切相關(guān)。

The results of the analysis showed that people who consumed more than 4g of tea a day had a 26% increase in cancer risk compared with those who drank tea less than once a week. Among them, the risk of lung cancer has increased by 62%, and the risk of gastric cancer has increased by 29%. At the same time, researchers also found that the cancer caused by drinking tea may be closely related to the fact that tea drinkers often smoke and drink alcohol.

不管喝茶防不防癌，可以明確的是，茶是世界上最健康的飲料之一。多項(xiàng)研究表明，經(jīng)常喝茶或許有助于控制慢性病，降低心腦血管發(fā)病和死亡率。不過，要想獲得喝茶的好處，前提是學(xué)會(huì)正確喝茶。

Regardless of whether drinking tea prevents cancer or not, it is clear that tea is one of the healthiest beverages in the world. A number of studies have shown that regular tea may help control chronic diseases and reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. However, in order to get the benefits of drinking tea, the premise is to learn to drink tea correctly.

根據(jù)2017年的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，全世界新發(fā)食道癌病例47.3萬例，死亡病例43.6萬例，其中中國新發(fā)食道癌病例23.5萬例，死亡病例21.3萬例，將近50%的病例發(fā)生在中國。

According to statistics in 2017, there were 473,000 new esophageal cancer cases and 436,000 deaths worldwide. Among them, 235,000 new esophageal cancer cases and 213,000 deaths occurred in China. Nearly 50% of the cases occurred in China.

專家認(rèn)為，在世界范圍內(nèi)，食道癌的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素有吸煙、飲酒、肥胖等。但在中國，除了上述風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素之外，食道癌的高發(fā)還與飲食習(xí)慣密切相關(guān)

Experts believe that worldwide, the main risk factors for esophageal cancer are smoking, drinking, and obesity. But in China, in addition to the above risk factors, the high incidence of esophageal cancer is also closely related to eating habits

Therefore, if you want to reap the benefits of drinking tea, you must drink less hot tea and strong tea to minimize the harm.

有充足的證據(jù)表明，每天喝700毫升以上、溫度大于60℃熱茶的人，患食道癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比每天喝700毫升以下、溫度低于60℃熱茶的人高90%。因此，世衛(wèi)組織將“超過65℃的任何飲料”列入了2A級(jí)致癌物。

There is ample evidence that people who drink more than 700 ml of hot tea at a temperature greater than 60°C a day have a 90% higher risk of esophageal cancer than those who drink hot tea below 700 ml a day at a temperature of less than 60°C. Therefore, the WHO has listed "any beverage above 65°C" as a Class 2A carcinogen.

此外，長期喝濃茶也會(huì)增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。茶中含有咖啡因，尤其是濃茶的咖啡因含量更多，會(huì)對(duì)上消化道粘膜產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈刺激，導(dǎo)致粘膜病變，促進(jìn)胃癌、食道癌的發(fā)生。

In addition, long-term drinking of strong tea will also increase the risk of cancer. Tea contains caffeine, especially strong tea has more caffeine content, which will strongly stimulate the upper gastrointestinal mucosa, cause mucosal lesions, and promote the occurrence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer.

From website: https://www.hqck.net/