近年來，在勞動成本和關(guān)稅上升的局勢下，許多國內(nèi)甚至國際企業(yè)開始把生產(chǎn)基地轉(zhuǎn)移到東南亞國家，尤以泰國為主。為了維持利潤，企業(yè)把生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至成本相對低廉的地區(qū)，也得到了政府的支持。轉(zhuǎn)移，是為了更好地發(fā)展。那么，在當(dāng)今的社會背景下，泰國在多大程度上可以承接中國的制造業(yè)？是值得中國企業(yè)注意的問題。本期文章，我們從人口數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)、勞動力成本、工作效率、交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、土地成本、稅負成本、物流成本等方面，看看東南亞能在多大程度承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，哪些企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的動力更強。

In recent years, in the face of rising labor costs and tariffs, many domestic and even international companies have begun to transfer their production bases to Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand. In order to maintain profits, companies have moved production to areas with relatively low costs, and they have also received government support. Transfer is for better development. So, under the current social background, to what extent can Thailand undertake Chinese manufacturing? It is a problem worthy of Chinese enterprises' attention. In this issue of the article, we look at the extent to which Southeast Asia can undertake industrial transfer from the aspects of population and structure, labor costs, work efficiency, transportation infrastructure, land costs, tax costs, logistics costs, etc., and which companies are more motivated to transfer Strong.

首先，泰國人口年齡及結(jié)構(gòu)均比中國強，勞動力豐富。勞動力成本和稅負的投資成本較低，中國企業(yè)稅費負擔(dān)與企業(yè)利潤比重達65%，因此泰國在此方面具有相對優(yōu)勢，同時投資的企業(yè)最高可享有“八免五減半”年的投資優(yōu)惠政策。

First of all, Thailand's population is stronger in age and structure than China, and its labor force is abundant. Labor costs and tax burdens are relatively low in investment costs. The tax burden of Chinese companies accounts for 65% of corporate profits. Therefore, Thailand has a comparative advantage in this regard. At the same time, companies that invest in can enjoy up to "eight exemptions and five halves" for a year of investment Preferential policies.

一個國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施水平是吸引制造業(yè)投資的一個重要因素，一方面便捷的交通可以提供原材料進口和產(chǎn)品出口的通道，另一方面可以節(jié)約進出口成本和時間成本。綜合來看，泰國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施如鐵路、道路、水運、航空、通信、供電、供水等，相對比較完善，根據(jù)2020年《全球競爭力報告》多項指標打分顯示，泰國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施得分排名較為領(lǐng)先。

The level of infrastructure in a country is an important factor in attracting investment in the manufacturing industry. On the one hand, convenient transportation can provide access to raw material imports and product exports, and on the other hand, it can save import and export costs and time costs. On the whole, Thailand’s infrastructure such as railways, roads, water transportation, aviation, communications, power supply, water supply, etc., is relatively complete. According to the scores of multiple indicators in the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report, Thailand’s infrastructure scores are relatively leading .

那么，哪些企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的動力較強？綜合了人口結(jié)構(gòu)、工作效率，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施水平、成本、社會穩(wěn)定性等五方面來看，泰國主要是勞動成本和稅負成本方面相對中國可能有比較明顯的優(yōu)勢，從這個角度來看，人工成本較高和稅負成本較高的行業(yè)或轉(zhuǎn)移的動力較強，因此，儀器儀表制造、汽車制造業(yè)及配套產(chǎn)業(yè)、文娛用品制造、 醫(yī)藥制造、紡織服裝、印染制品、紡織業(yè)、石油制品加工、通信設(shè)備和計算機行業(yè)等行業(yè)，適合轉(zhuǎn)移。

So, which companies are more motivated to transfer? Considering the five aspects of population structure, work efficiency, infrastructure level, cost, and social stability, Thailand may have obvious advantages over China in terms of labor costs and tax burden costs. From this perspective, labor costs Industries with higher tax burdens and higher tax costs may have stronger transfer incentives. Therefore, instrumentation manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and supporting industries, recreational products manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, textiles and clothing, printing and dyeing products, textile industry, petroleum products processing, Industries such as communications equipment and computer industries are suitable for transfer.

From website: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/