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譯語翻譯分享-語言可能含有隱秘的性別歧視
發(fā)布日期:2021-04-27 | 發(fā)布者:譯語翻譯公司 | 頁面功能: 【字體:大 中 小】 |
語言可能含有隱秘的性別歧視
Language may contain hidden sexism
我喜歡自認為是一個幸福的女人——我也喜歡自認為是一個愛走路、懂得人情世故、好相處的人。不過,如果用意大利語描述我的以上特征,就等于把自己稱為妓女。
I like to think of myself as a happy woman-I also like to think of myself as a person who loves to walk, understands the world, and is easy to get along with. However, if I describe the above characteristics in Italian, it is equivalent to calling myself a prostitute.
在世界各地,一些專家提出,語言可能含有隱秘的性別歧視,通常是父權(quán)制比現(xiàn)在更強大時期的文化后遺癥。當(dāng)我們考慮爭取兩性平等時,我們的母語是否在阻礙我們?怎樣才能改變這種狀況?
Around the world, some experts have suggested that language may contain hidden sexism, which is usually a cultural sequelae of a period when patriarchy was stronger than it is now. When we consider fighting for gender equality, is our mother tongue hindering us? How can this situation be changed?
長期以來,語言學(xué)家一直在爭論語言相對論假說——一種語言的語法或詞匯是否將特定世界觀強加于其使用者。
For a long time, linguists have been arguing about the hypothesis of language relativity—whether a language's grammar or vocabulary imposes a specific worldview on its users.
以韓語為例。韓語中有一個貶義詞用來形容在外國奢侈品上大手大腳卻在必需品上精打細算的女人——“大醬女”。不管她買了多少香奈兒包,她都永遠無法掩飾自己的“韓國本性”,這種消費方式是受嘲笑的。但沒有“大醬男”這種貶損的說法。
Take Korean as an example. There is a derogatory term in Korean used to describe a woman who spends money on foreign luxury goods but carefully counts on necessities-"Dajiang Girl". No matter how many Chanel bags she bought, she would never be able to conceal her "Korean nature". This way of consumption is ridiculed. But there is no such a derogatory statement as "Daijiang Man".
在英語中,“spinster(老處女)”這個詞沒有真正的男性對等詞。有“bachelor(單身漢)”一詞,但它不具有老處女傳統(tǒng)上的負面含義。韓語會讓人覺得女性比男性更貪婪嗎?英語會讓人認為年長男性未婚可以接受,而年長女性未婚不可接受嗎?
In English, the word "spinster" has no real male equivalent. There is the term "bachelor", but it does not have the traditional negative connotations of old maidens. Does Korean make people think that women are more greedy than men? Does English make people think that it is acceptable for older men to be unmarried, but unmarried for older women?
讓語言更加平等不僅僅是要解決我們在描述身份時存在的性別刻板印象。20世紀90年代,英國牛津大學(xué)語言和傳播學(xué)教授黛比·卡梅倫提出了一個說法——語言衛(wèi)生。如今的一些語言衛(wèi)生重點是非常公開和眾所周知的,但一些需要清理的詞語并不那么明顯。
Making language more equal is not just about addressing the gender stereotypes that we have when describing identities. In the 1990s, Debbie Cameron, professor of language and communication at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, put forward a statement-language hygiene. Some of the focus of language hygiene today is very public and well-known, but some of the words that need to be cleaned up are not so obvious.
在世界各地,女性是由她們的婚姻狀況界定的?,F(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)接近30歲了,正處于一個尷尬階段,西歐人會在稱呼我“小姐”和“太太”之間搖擺。男人則仍然是“先生”,與婚姻與年齡無關(guān)。未婚男女同樣有性別標(biāo)簽——在印地語中,新娘是kanya,這個詞也有處女的意思。相反,新郎是doolha,這個稱呼與他以前的性經(jīng)歷無關(guān)。烏爾都語中沒有形容離婚男人的詞,但是離婚女人是talaq yafta,是個貶義詞。
All over the world, women are defined by their marital status. Now that I am close to 30 years old, I am in an awkward stage, and Western Europeans will sway between calling me "Miss" and "Mrs.". The man is still a "sir", regardless of marriage or age. Unmarried men and women also have gender tags-in Hindi, the bride is kanya, which also means virgin. On the contrary, the bridegroom is doolha, which has nothing to do with his previous sexual experience. There is no word in Urdu to describe a divorced man, but a divorced woman is talaq yafta, which is a derogatory term.
在日語中,猥褻者這個詞是由兩個字組成的,一個意思是愚蠢,另一個意思是男人。一些評論家認為,這暗示著猥褻者只是笨蛋,而不是罪犯。
In Japanese, the word molester is made up of two characters, one meaning stupid and the other meaning man. Some critics believe that this implies that the moles are just idiots, not criminals.
疫情告訴我們,身體健康與否可能會給我們的生活方式造成一定代價。
The epidemic tells us that whether we are healthy or not may cause a certain price to our lifestyle.
或許良好的語言衛(wèi)生需要付出同樣多的努力——就像記得戴口罩逛商店一樣,這意味著我們在說話時要同樣留心——承認女性不僅在我們的世界里,而且在我們的多種語言中都應(yīng)該得到與男性平等的待遇。(盧荻譯自4月9日英國廣播公司網(wǎng)站,原題為《性別歧視語言傷害女性》)
Perhaps good language hygiene requires the same amount of effort-just like remembering to wear a mask to go to the store, which means we have to be equally mindful when speaking-to acknowledge that women are not only in our world, but also in our multiple languages Zhongdu deserves equal treatment with men. (Translated by Lu Di from the BBC website on April 9th, the original title is "Sexist Language Harming Women")
From website: http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/