哪種病毒最為可怕？科學(xué)界對此有一個具體的安全等級劃分

Which virus is the most terrifying? The scientific community has a specific security classification for this

生物安全等級一共有四級，其危害程度也是逐級遞增的。一級安全等級是最低的安全等級，其代表性病毒為麻疹病毒與腮腺炎病毒。

There are a total of four levels of biological safety, and the degree of harm is gradually increasing. The first level of security is the lowest level of security, and its representative viruses are measles virus and mumps virus.

兒童麻疹

Measles in children

這類疾病本身危險性并不大，治療起來也不困難，但麻煩的一點就在于其傳染性較強，特別是到了一定的季節(jié)，就會出現(xiàn)集中性病患增加的情況，因此做好疾病的宣傳與防護知識普及就很重要。而引起這類疾病的病毒則屬于生物一級安全等級，對人類的危害性較小，科研人員在進行研究時不需要穿戴特殊的安全保護設(shè)施，也無需儲藏在生物安全柜中。

This type of disease itself is not very dangerous, and it is not difficult to treat, but the trouble is that it is highly contagious, especially in a certain season, there will be an increase in concentrated patients, so take care of the disease Propaganda and popularization of protection knowledge are very important. The viruses that cause such diseases belong to the first-level biological safety level and are less harmful to humans. Researchers do not need to wear special safety protection facilities when conducting research, nor do they need to be stored in biological safety cabinets.

 

生物二級安全等級

Biological safety level II

相比于一級安全等級，二級安全等級的生物是指具有中等程度危險并能夠引起人類疾病一類生物的總稱，其代表性病毒是流感病毒。

Compared with the first-level security level, the second-level security level organisms refer to the general term for the type of organisms that are moderately dangerous and can cause human diseases. The representative virus is the influenza virus.

流感病毒是人們最為熟知的病毒之一，它主要分為三類，即甲、乙、丙三類流感。其中甲、乙兩類流感病毒是人類最常感染的流感病毒。

Influenza virus is one of the most well-known viruses. It is mainly divided into three categories, namely influenza A, B and C. Among them, two types of influenza viruses, A and B, are the influenza viruses most commonly infected by humans.

另外具有代表性的甲型流感病毒則是H1N1甲型流感，也就是人們俗稱的豬流感

Another representative influenza A virus is H1N1 influenza A, which is commonly known as swine flu.

相比于甲型流感病毒，乙型流感病毒其危險性較小，傳播性也較小，往往只能引起局部地區(qū)的傳染。乙型流感俗稱流行性感冒，是大眾非常常見的一種疾病，往往在換季時機出現(xiàn)并流行。

Compared with type A influenza virus, type B influenza virus is less dangerous and less transmissible, and can only cause local infections. Influenza B, commonly known as influenza, is a very common disease among the general public, and it often appears and spreads when the season changes.

而丙型流感是流感病毒中對人類危害最小的，它往往只能引起一些輕微的上呼吸道感染，極少造成例如甲乙型流感引起的大規(guī)模傳染。而近年來科學(xué)家又發(fā)現(xiàn)了牛流感病毒，并將其歸為丁型，其主要感染對象為牛，暫未發(fā)現(xiàn)對人類產(chǎn)生過危險。

Influenza C is the least harmful to humans among the influenza viruses. It can often only cause some mild upper respiratory tract infections, and rarely cause large-scale infections such as influenza A and B. In recent years, scientists have discovered the bovine influenza virus and classified it as type D. The main target of infection is cattle, and no danger to humans has been found for the time being.

 

生物三級安全等級

Biological safety level III

被劃為生物三級安全等級的病毒是能夠給人類社會帶來嚴(yán)重危害程度的生物病毒，它不但具有很強的傳染性，而且致死率也比二級安全等級的病毒要高，研究這類病毒的科研人員需要采取非常嚴(yán)格的安全保護措施，自己本身不能暴露在病毒面前，必須穿戴防護服，操作也需經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的培訓(xùn)并按照操作手續(xù)來進行，同時實驗室安全等級也很高，必須做到病毒不能外泄。總而言之，這個等級的病毒相比于前二者其危害性與防護等級都有了顯著的提高，是人類需要重點防護的對象之一，代表性的病毒是HIV病毒、狂犬病毒與SARS病毒等。

Viruses classified as the third level of biological security are biological viruses that can cause serious harm to human society. Not only are they highly infectious, but they also have a higher lethality rate than viruses with second-level security. Research on this type of virus. Virus scientific research personnel need to take very strict safety protection measures. They must not be exposed to the virus themselves. They must wear protective clothing. The operation also needs to go through strict training and follow the operating procedures. At the same time, the laboratory safety level is also very high. Make sure that the virus cannot leak out. All in all, compared with the previous two, this level of virus has significantly improved its hazard and protection level. It is one of the key objects that humans need to protect. The representative viruses are HIV, rabies, and SARS.

HIV病毒即人們所熟知的艾滋病病毒，全名人類免疫缺陷病毒，是造成人類免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷的一種病毒。

HIV virus is known as AIDS virus, its full name is human immunodeficiency virus, and it is a virus that causes defects in the human immune system.

狂犬病毒亦是人們非常熟知的病毒之一，其不但潛伏期長，且致死率高達100%，一旦發(fā)病則無力回天，是一種非?？膳碌牟《?。

Rabies virus is also one of the most well-known viruses. It not only has a long incubation period, but also has a lethality rate of 100%. Once it occurs, it will be unable to recover. It is a very terrible virus.

SARS病毒即我們非常熟知的非典，全名為重癥急性呼吸綜合征，是一種由冠狀病毒引起的呼吸道傳染病。SARS的特點是傳染性強，致死率高，傳播速度也很快，能夠引起高熱、咳嗽及一系列呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。

SARS virus is the SARS virus that we are very familiar with. Its full name is severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. SARS is characterized by strong contagion, high fatality rate, and rapid spread, which can cause high fever, cough and a series of respiratory diseases.

 

生物四級安全等級

Biological safety level IV

這類病毒以極強的傳染性，高致死率以及現(xiàn)如今并沒有有效疫苗或者治療方法來應(yīng)對而聞名，因此 被歸為四級安全等級，即最高的安全等級，其代表性的病毒為埃博拉病毒與馬爾堡病毒。

This type of virus is known for its extremely infectious, high fatality rate, and no effective vaccine or treatment method to deal with it. Therefore, it is classified as a four-level security level, the highest security level, and its representative virus is Egypt. Bora virus and Marburg virus.

 

From website: https://www.sohu.com/